All biology calculators

Estimate a starting annealing temperature for PCR from the melting temperatures of your primer and target.

Calculate exponential growth rate and doubling time, or predict a population from a known doubling time.

Find the stock suspension and diluent volumes required for a target cell concentration.

Calculate exponential growth rate and doubling time, or predict a population from a known doubling time.

Calculate DNA, RNA, or oligonucleotide concentration from absorbance and optical path length.

Calculate the insert DNA mass needed for a chosen insert-to-vector molar ratio.

Compare initial and surviving microbial counts using log₁₀ reduction and percentage reduction.

Use the Beer–Lambert law to estimate protein molar and mass concentrations from absorbance.

Estimate two allele frequencies and carrier prevalence from the frequency of a recessive phenotype.

Predict two-trait offspring genotypes and phenotype probabilities from parental genotypes.

Convert nucleic-acid concentration and length into molecule copies, with an optional idealized PCR projection.

Calculate expected genotype proportions for a two-allele population and optional expected individual counts.

Calculate the observed mutant fraction of a population in several useful scales.

Calculate offspring genotype and phenotype probabilities for a single two-allele trait.

Estimate cat delivery timing from a known breeding date, with the assumptions shown clearly.

Estimate cow calving timing from a known breeding date, with the assumptions shown clearly.

Estimate dog delivery timing from a known breeding date, with the assumptions shown clearly.

Estimate goat kidding timing from a known breeding date, with the assumptions shown clearly.

Estimate pig farrowing timing from a known breeding date, with the assumptions shown clearly.

Build a realistic dog-care budget from your own food, veterinary, grooming, and equipment costs.

Estimate crate length and height from your dog’s measured size and your chosen clearance.

Estimate resting energy, daily calories, and a food portion using weight, life stage, and the food label.

Explore a simple puppy-to-adult weight projection from present weight and age.

Convert between cat years and a familiar approximate human-age scale.

Estimate a feline body-fat index from rib circumference and lower hind-leg length.

Estimate a cat’s resting calories, daily energy allowance, and food portion.

Estimate air temperature from the rate of cricket or katydid calls.

Compare nutrient percentages in two pet foods after removing their moisture content.

Estimate adult horse weight and a size-based reference weight using four body measurements.

Calculate enclosure volume and compare it with a chosen per-rat space allowance.

Reconcile herd counts and calculate period mortality and disease case-fatality percentages.

Calculate feed use per unit of live-weight gain, milk, or eggs and estimate production feed cost.

Estimate grain storage volume, US dry bushels, and mass for round or rectangular bins.

Plan posts, wire, rolls, and a material-and-labor budget for a straight livestock fence.

Estimate working area per hour and time on the field from machine width, travel speed, and pass overlap.

Estimate the added gas volume and delivery rate needed for a chosen change in grow-room CO₂ concentration.

Estimate compost volume, bags, approximate weight, and purchase cost for a garden bed.

Convert a steady PPFD and daily lighting duration into daily light integral.

Calculate fertilizer quantity for a selected nutrient target, including accompanying nutrients and bag count.

Estimate seed quantity for rectangular, circular, elliptical, or triangular lawns.

Estimate mulch volume, bags, approximate weight, and purchase cost for a garden bed.

Estimate planting density, plant count, and cost for a rectangular bed using common spacing patterns.

Find soil volume for rectangular containers, round pots, and tapered flowerpots.

Estimate turf rolls, purchased coverage, and total cost including a waste allowance.

Calculate trunk cross-sectional area and stand basal area from one or many tree diameters.

Estimate tree age from trunk diameter or circumference and a species growth factor.

Convert trunk circumferences to diameters, including a multi-stem equivalent and an optional bark correction.

Estimate height with signed sighting angles and distance, or by comparing shadows.

Convert between an hourly pet-sitting rate and a total charge for a multi-day booking.

Calculate average molecular mass for an unmodified linear peptide from its amino-acid sequence.